1 John 3:14

Authorized King James Version

We know that we have passed from death unto life, because we love the brethren. He that loveth not his brother abideth in death.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἡμεῖς
we
we (only used when emphatic)
#2
οἴδαμεν
We know
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#3
ὅτι
because
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#4
μεταβεβήκαμεν
have passed
to change place
#5
ἐκ
from
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#6
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
θανάτῳ
death
(properly, an adjective used as a noun) death (literally or figuratively)
#8
εἰς
unto
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#9
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
ζωήν,
life
life (literally or figuratively)
#11
ὅτι
because
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#12
ἀγαπῶν
G25
He that loveth
to love (in a social or moral sense)
#13
τοὺς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
ἀδελφόν,
G80
his brother
a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like g0001)
#15
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
μὴ
not
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#17
ἀγαπῶν
G25
He that loveth
to love (in a social or moral sense)
#18
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#19
ἀδελφόν,
G80
his brother
a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like g0001)
#20
μένει
abideth
to stay (in a given place, state, relation or expectancy)
#21
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#22
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#23
θανάτῳ
death
(properly, an adjective used as a noun) death (literally or figuratively)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 1 John. The concept of love reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The emotional and relational language employed here is characteristic of biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, emphasizing the personal nature of divine-human relationship. The original language emphasizes agape in Greek contexts or hesed in Hebrew, indicating covenantal loyalty, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show patron-client relationships and family loyalty concepts, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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